Author Guidelines

Manuscript preparation requirements, structure, and referencing standards for submissions to ETDC.

Language	: English
Paper Size	: A4
Line Spacing	: 1.0 lines
Font	: Calinri, 12 pt
Length	: 5,000 to 9,000 words
Abstract	: 150 to 250 words, with 3 to 7 keywords
File Format	: Microsoft Word or OpenOffice
Reference Style	: APA 7th Edition

1. General Manuscript Requirements

Papers submitted to Educational Technology in Developing Countries (ETDC) must conform to the following requirements:

a.	The article must be written in English.
b.	The theme of the paper must align with the Focus and Scope of the journal.
c.	Manuscripts must be typed with 1.0 line spacing on A4 paper.
d.	Paper length is between 5,000 and 9,000 words.
e.	All submissions must include an abstract of 150 to 250 words.
f.	Full names of all authors must be stated, along with their institutional affiliation and the email of the correspondence author.
g.	Submissions must be in Microsoft Word or OpenOffice document file format.
h.	Bibliographical references must follow the ETDC reference guidelines based on APA 7th Edition.

2. Manuscript Structure

Manuscripts must be organized into the following sections. All body text uses Times New Roman, 12 pt, with single line spacing.

Abstract

Written in one paragraph containing four elements: statement of the problem, research questions, method, and findings or results. Authors may also note other matters considered important, while observing the maximum word limit.

Keywords

Three to seven specific terms or phrases in English that reflect the core concepts of the article.

Introduction

Bold heading with initial capital letters. Must address three elements: the issues studied, the importance of the issues, and the method or approach used to discuss the issues, presented clearly, briefly, and substantively.

Method

Bold heading with initial capital letters. Describes the research design, data sources, population and sample, instruments, data collection procedures, and analytical techniques used in the study. Authors must provide sufficient detail to allow replication.

Result

Bold heading with initial capital letters. Presents the empirical findings of the study, supported by tables, figures, or other visual aids where relevant. Findings are reported objectively without interpretation, which belongs in the Discussion section.

Discussion

Bold heading with initial capital letters. Subtitles are written according to the content of each subsection. This is the main part of the article and must contain clear scientific analysis and findings, comprehensively, logically, and systematically described.

Conclusion

Bold heading with initial capital letters. Contains closing remarks summarizing the results of the analysis and providing suggestions or recommendations for future research. Authors may also acknowledge contributors to the research.

3. Citation and Reference Standards

All citations in the text must appear in the reference list and vice versa. The reference list should only include published or accepted articles. Data deposited to an online repository should be included in the reference list when available, with the version and unique identifier. For accepted but unpublished works, use "in press" instead of page numbers. Unpublished data, submitted manuscripts, or personal communications should be cited within the text only for article types that allow such inclusions. Personal communications should be documented by a letter of permission.

In Text Citation Rules

Single Author	: Surname, year (e.g., Anwar, 2022).
Two Authors	: Both surnames, year (e.g., Mallett & Monteith, 2022).
Three or More Authors	: First surname, et al., year (e.g., Radja et al., 2021).

For assistance, authors are encouraged to use reference managers such as Mendeley, Zotero, or EndNote, applying the American Psychological Association 7th Edition format. Where possible, the retrieval link for each reference should be provided.

4. Reference Examples

Books

Format: Author's Last Name, First Initial. Second Initial if Given. (Year of Publication). Title of book in italic (edition if given and not the first edition). Publisher Name.

Example: Anwar, S. (2022). Human caring science: A theory of nursing (2nd ed.). Jones & Bartlett Learning.

Book Chapters

Format: Author's Last Name, First Initial. Second Initial if Given. (Year of Publication). Title of chapter. In Editor's First Initial. Second Initial if Given. Editor's Last Name (Ed. or Eds.), book title in italic (edition if given and not the first edition, pp. first page number to last page number). Publisher Name.

Example: Punjabi, R. (2022). How lay theories or mindsets shape the confrontation of prejudice. In R. K. Mallett & M. J. Monteith (Eds.), Confronting prejudice and discrimination: The science of changing minds and behaviours (pp. 121–140). Academic Press.

Journal Articles

Format: Author's Last Name, First Initial. Second Initial if Given. (Year of Publication). Title of article. Name of Journal in italic, Volume Number in italic(Issue Number), first page number to last page number.

Example: Radja, N. R. (2021). Evolutionary models of extended phenotypes. Trends in Ecology & Evolution, 21(2), 261–269.

Blog Posts

Format: Author's Last Name, First Initial. Second Initial if Given. (Year, Month Day). Title of post. Website name in italic. URL.

Example: Scoville, H. (2021, July 14). What is evolution? A brief overview of the history and concepts of evolution. ThoughtCo. https://www.thoughtco.com/what-is-evolution-1224603

Online Documents and Reports

Format: Author's Last Name, First Initial. Second Initial if Given. (Year). Title of the document in italic. Organization if given. URL.

Example: Ngurahrai, G. (2013). A duty of care to children and young people in Western Australia: Report on the quality assurance and review of unsubstantiated allegations of abuse in care. Western Australia Department of Child Protection. http://www.community.wa.gov.au/NR/rdonlyres/851183A4-.pdf